Developmental Psychology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Developmental Psychology - Case Study Example These issues will be tied to the Freudian theories addressing repression, defense mechanisms, and division of the mind. Since this project is of a scholarly nature, only academic-quality resources were used in putting it together. The works were from academic scholars and were located utilizing an online search engine. The idea was to first develop the questionnaire, interview the mother of the child at the topic of discussion, and then to relate what was learned in the survey to the academic literature, which reflected the works of Freud and his ideas. The first of Freud's theories that was analyzed was that of repression. According to Stevenson (1996, pg. 1), "Freud's conception of the mind is characterized by primarily by dynamism, seen in the distribution of psychic energy, the interplay between the different levels of consciousness, and the interaction between the various functions of the mind. The single function of the mind which brings together these various aspects is repression, the maintenance of what is and what isn't appropriately retained in the conscious mind." It is believed that the child of this discussion is experiencing the strong symptoms of repression, most likely due to the childhood loss of her little sister. Stevenson (1996, pg. ... fundamental, usually unconscious function of the ego, maintains equilibrium in the individual by repressing inappropriate, unfeasible, or guilt-causing urges, memories and wishes (all usually of the id) to the level of the unconscious, where they will be out of sight, if not out of mind. The ability to repress dangerous or unsettling thoughts turns out to be vital to the individual's ability to negotiate his way through life." Of course, a healthy level of repression is to be expected of a child. A child who cannot repress guilty urges is doomed to a life of crime and punishment. However, if a child is overly repressed, it can seriously interfere with his or her life. One way in which it can manifest itself is in the form of anxiety, and it can be seen on the questionnaire that the child in question is experiencing anxiety and panic attacks. It can also show up in the form of repressed anger, where the child holds a grudge against someone and then suddenly explodes or is irritable, and it can be seen on the questionnaire that the child in question is having issues regarding anger and irritability (Breger, 2000; Gay, 1996; and Petocz, 1999). The next level of Freudian theory that was examined was that of defense mechanisms. According to Stevenson (1996, pg. 1), "As a part of the never-ending interplay between the id, ego, and superego, the mind (in particular the ego) must constantly repress anxiety-causing impulses or memories. This repression, though, is often tenuous and difficult to maintain. In order to sustain this repression and fend off anxiety, often in the face of constant reminders of the repressed item, the ego additionally employs several defense mechanisms. These mechanisms help to maintain the stability and sanity of the individual, though they sap

Intercessory Prayer Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Intercessory Prayer - Case Study Example Even taking medicine and not having faith that one will be healed, does not help. Most of the researches that indicate positive links between prayer and health are situated in areas that possess strong Christian customs (Paul, 2008). Prayer is a coping action that mediates between religious faith and health, and can take different forms. Devotional prayers involving a close dialogue with a compassionate God are related with enhanced optimism, health and function. On the contrary, prayers that entail pleas for aid may, in the lack of faith, be linked with augmented distress and perhaps poor function (Kuchan, 2008). People should be encouraged to engage in prayer and have faith in God who heals. In the assessment of their faith, those with no faith but who just try the effectiveness of prayer cannot be healed. Hospitalized patients who have no faith and whose prayers entail desperate supplication for help are prone to need extra support from experienced nursing and chaplaincy personnel (Kuchan,

The Justice System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Justice System - Research Paper Example This generally helps in creating a peaceful society as the people are ensured of justice. Premised on this fact, disputes in a society are settled in an amicable manner thus reducing the conflicts that might arise. Without the criminal and civil courts it’s impossible for the justice system to operate as the need for a body to resolve issues is part and parcel of the justice system. The civil and criminal courts form the judicial system that ensures citizens of any country live safely as well as in a civilized manner. A society cannot do without a judicial system that ensures justice is done. Criminal courts Criminal courts form part of the judicial system that seeks to enforce justice in a society. The idea of criminal courts came about due to the need for an institution to enforce the criminal laws coded in the different states of various countries. Some acts and omissions have been criminalized under the Tennessee Criminal Code and as such the Tennessee criminal courts are institutions that ensure that the criminal justice system is enforced as provided in the law. The criminal courts came about to regulate alleged, potential and actual criminal activities within the limits that have been put in place by the law so as to protect the citizen of a particular country from the wrongful treatment as well as protection from wrongful conviction. The two main reasons why the criminal courts exists is, thus, to first ensure that people are protected from harm of any wrong doer. Secondly, to ensure that the alleged wrong doers are not convicted for a wrong they did not commit (Brown 65). Therefore, the criminal courts serve justice to the victim of the wrong doing as well as to the wrongdoer himself. In many countries it is wrong for citizens to take the law into their hands. For example mob justice is an example of a situation where citizen take the law into their hands and decide on the punishment of the wrong doer. The criminal courts are put in place to avo id such situation where fairness and justice are not seen to be done. Many a time the alleged wrong doer might not be guilty and as such it is important to determine his or her guilt in a free and fair manner through a fair trial and hearing. I addition to giving the alleged wrong doer a fair trial the criminal courts came about to give justice to the person who has suffered harm as a result of the wrong doing. Thus the criminal courts have to balance the interests of both parties of the wrong doing and ensure that justice is done. The idea of criminal courts also came about so as to determine the exact punishment of a guilty person. Every criminal act is known as an offence and various countries have provided for it in their status. Further for every offence provided the there is a punishment and in most cases the punishment provides for a fine not exceeding a particular amount or for a jail sentence not exceeding a particular number of years. This means that there is need to be a system that determines the specific amount of fine or number of years for a jail term. An example is where the Criminal Code of Tennessee provides that a person who commits Class A felony is to be jailed for a term not less than (15) years or more than sixty (60) years imprisonment. In addition to this, the code further provided that the jury may assess a fine not to exceed fifty thousand dollars ($50,000). In such a case there is need for a criminal court which determines the gravity

The Importance of Retail Information Systems Research Paper

The Importance of Retail Information Systems - Research Paper Example In a highly competitive environment, effective customer services as well as relevant products to the consumers assume a high position in retailers’ priority list in the event of profit maximization. One of the most effective ways to ensure relevant product and effective services to the customer is through collection of information regarding the customer, analyzing that information and finally placing the analyzed information into work by aiding in decision making processes. (Stair, 2010) Information systems include systems that deals with the process of raw data from databases, file storage and file sources to information which are later used by middle level, top level and operational level managers in decision making thus improving their output to the consumers inform of better services and relevant products which in turn increases their returns and profit. (Stair, 2010) Information systems and organizations influence one another. According to Lucey, Information systems are built by managers to serve the interest of their firms. At the same time organizations must be aware of and open to the influences from information systems to benefit from new technologies. The interaction between information technology, information systems and organizations is very complex and is influenced by many mediating factors, including the organization structure, business processes, politics, culture, surrounding environment and management decisions. (2005) All modern organizations have bureaucracies with clear-cut divisions of labor and specialization. The main reason for organization’s failure in implementing information systems is inability to