Why The Beatles Revolutionized Music and Pop Culture Essay...

So much has been said about the Beatles, they are regarded as one if not the most influential and greatest band of all time. They were not just a great band, their music revolutionized the way music was made back then and even today. Their songwriting skills and their ability to make great music were unmatched. People have said they were ahead of their time and set the standard of songwriting and music making. Not only were they important because of their music, their message of love and peace was a great influence on the world at that time as well. Even after almost fifty plus years, they still have an influence on popular culture and music to this day. In this essay I will make the case why the Beatles revolutionized music and pop†¦show more content†¦When the Beatles came to the United States for the first time to play at the Ed Sullivan Show, that was the start of â€Å"Beatlemania† Girls absolutely loved them and the boys were either jealous of them or wanted to be like them. With their mop top hairstyles and clothing style, more and more boys and men started dressing and have their same type of hairstyles just to be like the Beatles. Even today, teens, young men, and even famous bands these days have adopted the mop top hairstyle. Not only did they bring the mop top hairstyles, they way they dressed was also made famous in that era. The Beatles adopted a different kind of clothes and shoe type of fashion in their early years. During the height of â€Å"Beatlemania,† they usually wore collarless suits and also â€Å"skinny† suits that were not your average looking suits, they were a lot thinner looking. The Beatles also brought a shoe/boot style; they wore tight fitting boots that were ankle length. That shoe style was also heavily imitated by fans of the Beatles; and even to this day, many people and musicians still use that style of footwear. There have been many trends throughout the years that many people have imitated, but a few people can say that those other trends have lasted as long as the Beatles fashion trends have. The Beatles early days were the most relevant for their fashion trends, but even as they became older and matured, they had otherShow MoreRelatedThe Correlation Of Commercial Success And True Artistry1538 Words   |  7 Pagesin the light of mainstream music. Mainstream music has been given a negative connotation due to the supposed lack of originality of the artists. Repetitive chord progressions and meaningless lyrics compose the majority of â€Å"mainstream music,† making each song sound like the next . Despite these patterns in music, artists still ventured outside of what was societally normal and created music that was unheard of. Despite the potential risks in being an individual in the music industry, several groupsRead More The Beatles Influence in Pop Culture Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe Beatles Influence in Pop Culture The Beatles were one of the most influential music groups of the rock era. They were able to conquer and influence pop culture with their music. Initially they affected the post-war baby boom generation of Britain and the W.S. during the 1960s, and later the request of the world. Certainly they were the most successful group, with global sales exceeding 1.3 billion albums. During the sixties, The Beatles using revolutionary ideas in their music inspiredRead MoreThe Beatles : The Most Successful Recording Artists Of All Time1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Beatles â€Å"All you need is love†. â€Å"Whisper words of wisdom, let it be†. â€Å"Here comes the sun†. These household phrases are all attributed to one band: The Beatles. Considered the most successful recording artists of all time, this band is one that has transformed the music industry, revolutionized popular culture, and in essence, changed the world. Even the most adamant skeptics cannot deny the contributions of this historic band, and its importance can be evaluated using relevant criteria. TheRead MoreEssay about The Influence on the Beatles on American Culture2706 Words   |  11 Pages The Beatles were more than their music. They influenced the lives of millions of people unlike any musicians before them. They were the first and most popular band in one of the most important music movements in American history, the British Invasion. The year 1964 was the year both the British Invasion and â€Å"Beatlemania† came to America and forever changed the landscape of music in the United States by introducing the genre of pop, as it is today. The Beatles changed the rules of music. ManyRead MoreRevolution of Music Essay1577 Words   |  7 Pages Music has continued to change throughout each decade, but the 1960s was the most influential decade in the history of music. Starting in the early 1950s, rock music was first introduced. Major record labels issued recordings of white singers performing renditions of songs previously released by African American singers (Rock and Roll). These renditions often altered the original lyrics to make them more appropriate. The most prominent star of the 1950s was Elvis Presley, the â€Å"King of rock n’ roll†Read MoreRevolution of music in the 1960s Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesRevolution of Music Music has continued to change throughout each decade, but the 1960s was the most influential decade in the history of music. Starting in the early 1950s, rock music was first introduced. Major record labels were releasing new â€Å"cover songs† which were originally made by black artist, but now by white artist (Rock and Roll). These cover songs changed a few lyrics from the original songs to avoid copyright issues and to also make the song more appropriate for the white listenersRead MoreRock N Roll Changed Music2773 Words   |  12 Pagesthe Big Bands. Their children were moving on to a new beat.† (U.S. History) Teenagers started to like this new type of music called rock and roll. It became very popular and artists started to experiment with it which influenced the development of rock n roll throughout the 50’s and 60’s. The experimentation with rock n roll changed music forever and greatly influenced our music today. Rock n roll was mixed with countr y, rhythm, and blues when this combination happened rock n roll kept developingRead MoreRock N Roll Changed Music2774 Words   |  12 Pagesthe Big Bands. Their children were moving on to a new beat.† (U.S. History) Teenagers started to like this new type of music called rock and roll. It became very popular and artists started to experiment with it which influenced the development of rock n roll throughout the 50’s and 60’s. The experimentation with rock n roll changed music forever and greatly influenced our music today. Rock n roll was mixed with country, rhythm, and blues when this combination happened rock n roll kept developingRead MoreGoogle Case Study14862 Words   |  60 Pagesmarkets such as print media. Its attempt to purchase and auction off advertising space in various magazines has also been unsuccessful. Most researchers determine print media as a less effective and slower response printing tactic. Google has revolutionized online and rapid respo nse advertising and are continuing their attempt to upgrade print media advertising. Opportunities: Advertising partnership with Yahoo ? With recent discussions between Microsoft and Yahoo, top officials for bothRead MoreComment on How Changes in Macro and Market Environment Forces Impact on the Level of Competition in an Industry.18606 Words   |  75 Pagesindividual countries are small (Poland dominates, with 39 million consumers) and poor. However, all these economies are growing and opportunities exist from the privatization of industries such as energy generation and railways.16 China and India Why are western nations watching the economies of China and India like hawks? First, both economies are growing at high and consistent rates, although both, like other major economies, have suï ¬â‚¬ered during the recent recession. For the past 20 years, China’s

Gothic Literature Gothic Writing - 1974 Words

The history of gothic literature is a discussion of how the classic gothic literature has morphed into today’s contemporary gothic literature. From the beginning days of gothic writing one of the main focuses has been on the issues that were relevant in the county or world at the time. Most people think of gothic writings as a scary story of gloom and doom, but there are many aspects that encompass a gothic writing. The true is that there are many elements to a gothic writing. The writer does not need to use all of them at the same time, but to use some of them to make it a gothic writing. As technology and the social atmosphere have evaluated writers have incorporated these elements into their writing. Gothic literature is said to have†¦show more content†¦(Ringel) Mary Snodgrass points out, â€Å"Decades before Sigmund Freud provided a paradigm for the human psyche, echoes of disturbing behaviors forced readers of gothic literature to interpret subtexts of prejudic e, classism, and abnormality in thought and action: in the motivation for James Hogg’s The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner.† (Snodgrass) Many people of authority in America believed that the gothic genre was source of outside evil on the new world. This is supported by Reverend Enos Hitchcock’s Memoirs of the Bloomsgrove Family, in which he â€Å"blames the corruption of young women in the new nation on â€Å"foreign writings and foreign manners† and prays â€Å"May this rising empire cease to import both the one and the other!† (Ringel) The 1800’s rang in a new era of writers and twist on the gothic style. One of the major contributors was Edgar Allan Poe with stories and poetry that still resonates with high schoolers to this day. Works that are still read or at the very least spoken of in high school are stories by Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville. Noteworthy works byShow MoreRelatedGothic Literature : Gothic Writing1929 Words   |  8 PagesSouthern style gothic literature, which is a smaller genre of Gothic writing as a whole, is particular to the South. This style of literature has similar aspects to Gothic lit. It concentrates on subject matter like afterlife, absurdity, and paranormal while having numerous cryptic, unusual, brutal, and distorted aspects. These aspects are used as tools to explore social issues and reveal the cultural character of the American South (Wikipedia). Authors of Southern Gothic style literature use imperfectRead MoreGothic Literature and the Writings of Edgar Allan Poe Essays850 Words   |  4 PagesThere is one known very influential writing style called Gothic Literature. It is not only considered to involve the horror or gothic element but is combined with romance, superstition, women in distress, omens, portents, vision and supernatural events to name a few (Beesly). The history and beginning of this era is not well known. From a few writers came this writing style that has impacted the world. A famous artists known for this type of writing is a man named Edgar Allan Poe. He wrote many shortRead MoreThe Qualification of Daphne Du Mauriers Rebecca as a Gothic Novel851 Words   |  3 PagesRebecca as a Gothic Novel One of mankind’s most valuable gifts is the ability to feel emotions and be able to react to them in a variety of ways. One of these emotions can be recognized as horror. Horror can be directly related as an immense sensation of fear, anxiety, and despair. Horror is adored by some and abhorred by others. Most importantly, there exist many sources for frightening media and information. One genre of literature that tends to provide horror can be known as Gothic LiteratureRead MoreWhat is meant by the term gothic1187 Words   |  5 Pagesthe term ‘gothic’? How far and in what ways is ‘Frankenstein’ a gothic text? Gothic literature, which is sometimes referred to as Gothic horror, is a genre that links horror and romance into one tale of ‘transgressing the boundaries’. Gothicism was unheard of until the late 1700’s, this movement into a new genre of literature. This was pioneered by the English author Horace Walpole, in his famous fictional book ‘The Castle of Otranto’, or as Walpole alternatively titled it ‘a Gothic story’. HoraceRead MoreGothic Literature : `` Tell Tale Heart `` And `` The Raven ``1698 Words   |  7 Pages2/21/17 Gothic Literature Gothic Literature has been around since the late 17th century, slowly progressing in popularity until the mid 19th century where it had much success demonstrated through Edgar allan Poe. Edgar Allan has a number of common Themes, motifs and structures that make his work easily recognizable and more importantly, fits his stories into the classification of the gothic. Among these elements, they include the theme of death and decay, which is almost always in Gothic fictionRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado1384 Words   |  6 Pagesremarkable literature writer. The Raven, Annabel Lee, and The Cask of Amontillado are just a few of Poe’s work that staples the theme of gothic literature. This essay will allow you to see the gothic elements Edgar Allan Poe uses through his most common poems. Gothic literature has many elements which play into its definition. The actual definition is a style of writing that is characterized by elements of fear, horror, death, and gloom. (19th Century) There are three main types of gothic literature. TheseRead MoreGothic Motifs Of Bram Stoker s Dracula1165 Words   |  5 Pageswritten in the form of Gothic Literature. This novel was written by Bram Stoker in the Victorian Age. A large portion of this piece of writing deals with many famous Gothic motifs. Gothic Literature combines the usual Gothic horror with fiction and Romanticism (Wikipedia). A motif is a distinctive symbol or dominant idea used in literature. So therefore, a Gothic motif is a literary symbol that usually combines fiction with either horror or romance. Bram Stoker’s usage of Gothic motifs not only helpsRead MoreGothic Elements In Gothic Literature1023 Words   |  5 PagesGothic Essay #1 Gothic literature’s roots are in the architecture of the dark ages. The buildings were made to intimidate oncoming enemies, because of this it presents the perfect setting for eerie literature such as the Horace Walpole’s Castle of Otranto. Whilst reading gothic literature fear is to be expected, because the nature of gothic is grim( Hutchins). Fear as we know is an emotion that is triggered by one of these three reactions: physical threats, sources of poison and signs of disease(â€Å"Psychology†)Read MoreThe Characteristics Of American Gothic Literature930 Words   |  4 Pagesattraction? Gothic Literature incorporates many unique characteristics that keeps the reader intrigued. Some examples of the characteristics that may be included in American Gothic are: fright, uncertainty, darkness, and isolation. The evolution of entertainment media has created a new demand for the genre’s darkness and horror. Some questions that will be answered are -- What i s American Gothic and how has the genre been defined? Is the genre still relevant today? What is it about gothic tales thatRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher Literature Analysis826 Words   |  4 Pages Literature can be defined as written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic value. In the short story, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† written by Edgar Allen Poe, Usher is a senile middle aged man who invites an old friend to his gothic mansion. While arriving the narrator notices mysterious events beginning to happen. Also, in â€Å"House Taken Over† written by Julio Cortazar, siblings find themselves in post WWII Argentina trying to avoid a dangerous entity manifesting

Child Sexual Abuse - 1573 Words

Child Sexual Abuse CONTENT PAGE 1. Introduction Page 1 2. Case Study Page 1 3. How this Affects learners Page 2 4. Policies and Procedures Page 2 5. Raising Awareness Page 3 6. Conclusion Page 3 7. References Page 4 Appendix 1. INTRODUCTION Research indicates that 1 out of every 4 children will be the victim of sexual abuse before reaching age 18 Child sexual abuse can be described as any form of sexual activity with a child by an adult, with or without consent. According to the Employment of Educators Act Sexual contact between educators and learners is illegal regardless of the†¦show more content†¦This has already been done and replacement teachers have been employed, never the less In the event that one of us are faced with this situation it is important to understand that we have a duty of care to our learners and teachers alike. In Summary the Following steps also need to be followed. †¢ In collaboration with the SAPS and a social worker, the learner must be safeguarded against direct contact with the alleged offender. †¢ The case must be treated with confidentiality and kids must be informed of the procedures that will now follow. †¢ The relevant t\role players should be contacted these include The local welfare organisation; psychologist; Child Protection and Sexual Offences Unit SAPS, Labor Relations, when employees are the alleged offenders; The complainant’s parents, The Department of Health and the Department of Social Services; †¢ And a plan of action needs to be drawn up to indicate the responsibilities of each participant in the intervention process. The school principal must then report the case or incident to the Department of Education’s district office. In the Umlazi case the relevant role players as well as the department of education has already been contacted. Learners were given the necessary help to deal with what has happened and awareness was raised. The learners and their parents should be informed of the steps taken by the role-players and the outcome of the investigation. HoweverShow MoreRelatedChild Sexual Abuse And Child Abuse1308 Words   |  6 PagesChild sexual abuse is a problem that many people are still unaware of. Currently, one in twenty boys and one in five girls are sexually abused (Child Sexual Abuse Fact Sheet). In the past, children’s accusations of sexual abuse have not been believed (Berk 352). Many children told adults, yet still had to carry the burden, as adults, of their rapist never being caught. However, now, people are recognizing the truth and are trying to come up with a solution (Berk 352). Despite the increased effortRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse1260 Words   |  5 Pages Child sexual abuse is a social crisis of significant magnitude. This type of abuse has been found to be correlated with the advancement of an extensive range of mental health and social problems in children and adults. Child sexual abuse is the term used when an adult uses a child or adolescent for his own sexual gratification or pleasure. Furthe rmore, a frequent expression of childhood sexual abuse is control over the abused child. This type of abuse knows no particular demographic and occursRead MoreChild Sexual And Sexual Abuse1659 Words   |  7 PagesChild Sexual Abuse Why does child sexual abuse happen and what are the effects of it? â€Å"Child sexual abuse is sexual contact with a child that occurs as a result of force or in a relationship where it is exploited because of an age difference or caretaking responsibility† (Finkelhor). Roughly 1.8 million children have been sexually victimized in the United States (NSOPW). Although there is no proof that racial or socioeconomic groups is a factor in a predators choosing, studies show that childrenRead MoreSexual Abuse And Child Abuse1983 Words   |  8 PagesSexual abuse to a child can be a confusing and devastating experience for the family. Families who are affected by child sexual abuse can have a difficult time talking about the abuse. Studies have shown that about one out of every four girls and one out of every five boys are sexually abused by the time they are 18 years old. Sexual abuse to children does not discriminate based on socioeconomic status, ethnicity, culture, religion or education. Treating a victim of child sexual abuse is a difficultRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse and Child Pornography2003 Words   |  8 PagesChild pornography is a broadly defined term mainly because there is no internationally agreed upon definition. There are also some conflicting laws between different countries that further complicate the issue of child pornography. It can become difficult to prosecute with the increased use of computers and anonymous online networks. Both the offenders and the victims can come from a wide range of social and cultural backgrounds. Child pornography includes pictures or videos that present childrenRead MoreChild Abuse And Sexual Abuse2090 Words   |  9 Pagesforms of child abuse. Not only can children be physically abused, but they are also in danger of experiencing sexual abuse. In the more recent years, child sexual abuse has come to the attention of a larger part of society. As such, it is becoming more openly discussed. Child sexual abuse is a growing problem, and the stories that have begun to circulate around the world work to illustrate just how serious the problem is. Despite what society is lead to believe, the sexual abuse of a child is theRead MoreChild Abuse And Sexual Abuse1770 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to dictionary.com, child abuse is the â€Å"mistreatment of a child by a parent or guardian, including neglect, beating, and sexual molestation.† About five children die every day from child abuse and many children who are abused start experiencing it at eighteen months or younger. While abuse can start at any age, more than 25% are under the age of three and over 45% are under the age of five. The younger a child is, the more vulnerable they are. If signs of abuse are discovered at a young ageRead MoreChild Abuse And Child Sexual Abuse1951 Words   |  8 PagesTherefore that would mean 42 million adults are survivors of child abuse right here in the United States. Among these children there are 73% of children who do not tell anyone for a year, and many who never tell anyone (The Children’s Assessment Center). If we do not intervene many would say 500,000 babies will be born and sexually abused by the age of 18. It is important is it to be educated in the signs and symptoms of adult and child sexual abuse and getting involved in our own communities to stop thisRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse1410 Words   |  6 Pagescertainly many experiences before they became truly mature. A child can face lot of dangerous things from the environment surrounding them which might seriously affect their whole life. As definition in the Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act: Child abuse is any action from adult to a child that it could be harmful to the child’s body or mental (Children Welfare Information Gateway 2007). In 2005, among 3.6 million investigations by Child Protective Services agencies in the U.S, an estimatedRead Morechild sexual abuse1658 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Child Sexual Abuse Siping Chen Laney College Psych 7A April 10, 2014 Child Sexual Abuse Child sexual abuse does not have a universal definition. However, a central characteristic of any abuse is the dominant position of an adult that allows him or her to force or coerce a child into sexual activity (American Psychological Association). Yet all offences that involve sexually touching a child, as well as non-touching offenses and sexual exploitation, are just

King Solomon Essays - 1675 Words

King Solomon King Solomon ruled all of Israel in an outstanding way from 977 to 937 BCE (12). Despite his wealth and power, Solomon is known to history for his wisdom and as the builder of the Temple of Jerusalem. He has been credited with authoring all or parts of three books of the Bible (Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Solomon). King Solomon was the ruler of ancient Israel who reigned from 961-922 BC (8). He is the son of David and Bathsheba. Solomon succeeded his father as king and his territory extended from the Euphrates River to the land of the Philistines, and to the border of Egypt. With his wealth he built the great Temple of Jerusalem. In 950 BCE Solomons household included 700 wives and 300 other mistresses (1).†¦show more content†¦The important and strategic Canaanite City of Gezer is said to have revolted against Pharaoh and after being destroyed, to have been handed over to Solomon as a property of marriage with Pharaohs daughter when she was given to him in marriage. Solomon took important steps to further prosperity and to move a big portion of the national income into the royal treasury to finance his lifestyle and his buildings. His division of the country into 12 districts must have been a highly efficient thing to do, but it was reformed as one after his reign. One of the main sources of the enormous revenue required to support Solomons brilliant reign was direct taxation in the form of money, goods, or unpaid labor that furnished for his building projects. Besides taxes in money and produce, Solomon required large donations of free labor from the poor whom he practically pushed into slavery. Another important source of revenue for the royal treasury was that he expanded trade to a remarkable degree. The use of the Arabian camel brought a tremendous increase in trade. Caravans could now travel through deserts because of the camel’s ability to go without water for a couple days. Solomon’s fleets traded in the Mediterranean and Red seas, and his subjects mined gold in what is now Saudi Arabia. By thus exercising control over virtually all the trade routes both to the east and the west of the Jordan, Solomon increased the revenueShow MoreRelated King Solomon Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesKing Solomon King Solomon one of the most influential kings in the entire bible Solomon was a wise king and was gifted as well as punished for his transgressions on his people and God. This paper will show how Solomon was thought to be one of the greatest kings of the bible, his contributions on the lively hood of the Israelite people and how he was sent to bring the people into a new type of living for the people of Israel. This paper will give a personal account on my reason for thinking thatRead MoreEssay King Solomon1342 Words   |  6 PagesKing Solomon one of the most influential kings in the entire bible Solomon was a wise king and was gifted as well as punished for his transgressions on his people and God. This paper will show how Solomon was thought to be one of the greatest kings of the bible, his contributions on the lively hood of the Israelite people and how he was sent to bring the people into a new type of living for the people of Israel. This paper will give a personal account on my reason for thinking that Solomon is a greatRead More King Solomon Essay692 Words   |  3 Pagesmy topic I would like to choose one of the wisest person who ever lived is king Solomon. During his era the Israel kingdom achieved a lot of success in trading, expansion and fair judgment. Also Solomon regarded as an author of high skill and remarkable output. The writings that have been attributed to him are the biblical Proverbs, the Song of Solomon, Ecclesiastes, the Wisdom of Solomon, and the later Psalms of Solomon. The book of Proverbs expresses the conclusion of the will of man. TogetherRead MoreThe Success of Solomon as a King Essay2131 Words   |  9 PagesThe Success of Solomon as a King John Drane came to the conclusion that Judged by the standards of world powers, Solomon was outstandingly successful, the greatest of all Israels rulers. But judged by the moral and spiritual standards of the covenant, he was a miserable failure. I agree with Drane in this statement because there were indeed many things Solomon did in his reign that were beneficial to the people and the country. However, for a man working for God,Read MoreSolomon Was The Wisest King That Lived1600 Words   |  7 Pagesthat Solomon was the wisest king that lived. Those who know of Solomon may ask why God would choose a child to lead His people. After doing some research and reading on my own, I have drawn my own conclusion on why God might have chosen a child to lead a nation. King Solomon was the third and the greatest king of Israel. He was the second son of David by his wife Bathsheba and as some may say, David’s favorite. Solomon is most widely known for being just and having great wisdom. When Solomon wasRead MoreKings David and Solomon: from 10th Century B.C.E. to Present Day Controversy1883 Words   |  8 PagesKings David and Solomon: From 10th Century B.C.E. to present day Controversy Introduction Perhaps the most famous Old Testament Kings, as well as two of the most famous Hebrew heroes of all time were, King Solomon and his father King David. Their stories have been told time and time again throughout the ages: passed down orally for centuries, then later reproduced and shared all over the globe as intricate portions of many historical religious texts including the Torah, the Koran and the HolyRead MoreEssay on King Solomons Mines1268 Words   |  6 PagesQuatermain/Macumzahn â€Å"the one who keeps his eyes open ,; Captain Good/Bougwan the â€Å"glass-eye,; Sir Henry Curtis/Incubu â€Å"the elephant,; and Umbopa the heir to the throne of the Kukuanas. On the other, we have two classic villains, Twala, an unjust and evil king with a duplicitous ascent to the throne, and Gagool, an inhuman wretch responsible for the death of not only Umbopa’s father, but also thousands of innocent Kukuanas. It is no coincidence that these are the only characters that are both ca pable ofRead MoreKing Solomon1742 Words   |  7 PagesKing Solomon ruled all of Israel in an outstanding way from 977 to 937 BCE (12). Despite his wealth and power, Solomon is known to history for his wisdom and as the builder of the Temple of Jerusalem. He has been credited with authoring all or parts of three books of the Bible (Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Solomon). King Solomon was the ruler of ancient Israel who reigned from 961-922 BC (8). He is the son of David and Bathsheba. Solomon succeeded his father as king and his territoryRead MoreUsing Examples From Rider Haggard s King Solomon s Mines And Mills And Boon Publishers Desired By The Desert1074 Words   |  5 PagesUsing examples from Rider Haggard s King Solomon’s Mines and Mills and Boon publishers Desired by the Desert king by Maisey Yates. This essay will support the above statement and will define how popular fiction works reflexively in constructing and perpetuation ideas of the self in society. Written by Haggard at the peak of empire the genre seemingly cannot escape its context To celebrate adventure was to celebrate empire and vice versa . The emphasis on following the map as being an integralRead MoreKing Solomons Mines Analysis2535 Words   |  11 PagesSalman Farooq Ghani Mr. Weigel Honors English VII 11 December 2004 King Solomons Mines Henry Rider Haggard sets out to create a peculiarly thrilling and vigorous tale of adventure, in his book King Solomons Mines. King Solomons Mines is a romantic adventure tale. Sir Henry Curtis, Captain Good and the Allan Quatermain set out on a perilous journey in search for a lost companion and fabled treasure. The book is based in Zululand, Africa and conveys the fascination Sir Henry R. Haggard found

Security Breaches and JPMorgan Chase Bank Hack

Question: Discuss about the Security Breaches and JPMorgan Chase Bank Hack. Answer: Security Firms Get Knocked Around Some of the security breaches that occurs in the world are as results of the implications to the lives of different people. These breaches affects the confidentiality and the integrity of the data in various regions in the world. This case above occurred on December 7, 2015. What has really hurt the consumers confidence is due to the inability of the security vendors to keep their data secure. Exactly two months before the occurrence of this awful attack, one of the top security firm in Russia referred as Russian security Kaspersky Lab, announced the breach of its network. They believed that the individuals responsible for the attack were agents working for the nation state. This company is responsible for the manufacture of the popular antivirus that is widely used by a broad number of users across the globe(Elazari, 2015). According, to the report from the CEO of the company, it was very evident that these agents pulled off the breach with the help of series of advanced as well as the zero-day attack more so, to collect the information on the companys advancement and the latest technology services they have in place. It was a malware which used up to three zero-day exploits and it does not write any files to the disk, but rather resides on the memory of the affected computer memory, making it very hard to detect. Kaspersky linked this attack to the unidentified creators off an early Trojan called Duqu, which had made headlines back in 2011 after being used in the attack in Iran, Ukraine and France(Elazari, 2015). This type of Malware was spread by use of the Microsoft Software Installer files that are mostly used by the IT staff to install programs to the remote computers. Thankfully, on the attack it did not materialize. This is due to the existence of advanced and complex security measures that exists at the enterprise. In other words, it was possible to spot the attackers before they implemented harm to the company. In that period, the company safeguarded the customer information to maintain on its global reputation and confidentiality in them. Attacking such a diverse experienced enterprise firm just enables them to expound on their inventions as well as protection strategies. The company, improved their system to prevent any future occurrences which, may affect their performance.(Jardine, 2015) This was done through implementation of better detection devices that indicates any form of threat on the companys information. This way ensures that the customers data is safe from replication from such a reputable company. Moreover, this attack was rarely a smart move. These attackers lost the most expensive technological advanced framework in which they had spent most of their time developing. This company technologies are available under the various acts like the licensing agreements. This ensured that any attacker could not get the privilege of tampering with such information. Moreover, the company included new attack vectors to their monitoring software. This will be a warning to any attacker who may plan to do such an act, and they would understand they are wasting time to attack such company that has no vulnerabilities. If the attackers could have succeed there could be loss of data for both the customers and the enterprise. This may have led to poor management, since the company would have lacked the vital information for the operation. The most affected in this scenario were the attackers since their information existed on the company monitoring device.(McNamara, 2003) They stand a chance to be prosecuted and possible jail, or heavy compensation to the company term for their actions. Kaspersky advised that to defend against the attacks on the information Technology infrasture that are critical, most of the large organizations should be able to vary on their operating systems. Some of the first that are usually attacked are the monoculture information technology. It is essential for the organizations to have backup that have different operating system. Moreover, it is important to have different backup network. (Jardine, 2015)It ought to be powerful as the main network, and is able to perform the most critical operations if the main network is essentially down. In addition, the critical infrasture systems must have extremely limited access to the internet, this is according to Kaspersky. The applications that are employed should be the trusted rather than the endpoints. The only exceptions are the applications that are installed by the trusted updater. The attack that occurred with the Kaspersky was an eye opener to employ more sosphicated tools for the monitoring process. (Liu, Sarabi, Zhang, Naghizadeh, Karir, Bailey Liu, 2015)The attacker, nonetheless are coming with sosphicated tools to steal the data and technologies from the security firms. In the case of the Kaspersky Lab they detected attack early enough and prevented it. JPMorgan Chase Bank Hack The problem the bank had The problem of the attack was as a result of the neglected servers in their operations. If the bank had installed a simple security fix, to their overload server to the vast of their network, there could be no breach. (Phys.org, November 10, 2015)The hackers exploited on this components of neglected servers and the hackers stole log in credentials for the employees of the JPMorgan employees. Most of the big bank uses double authentication scheme that are referred as two factor authentication, that requires a second 1 time password to gain the access to the protected system. The problem came as a result of the failure of the JPMorgan security team neglect of upgrading to one of their network servers with the use of this dual password scheme. This left the bank vulnerable to the intrusion of the attackers. This oversight is now the focus on the internal review at the JPMorgan in which they seek if there was any other loophole in the bank vast network that led to the attack of the custo mer information. The affect individual and business The cyber-attack occurred at the summer and it presented a significant impact to the JPMorgan Chase Bank. The affected individuals were 83 million entities of which, 76 million were the households and 7 million were small business. The attack comprised of the information and the data used for the connection with providing or the offering services.(Jardine, 2015) Moreover, the impact was on the accounts that experienced the consequences, thus leading to large amount of loss in terms of money. The figure just present an overestimate of 100million accounts information and might be higher in the meantime. These individuals and business were affected in that their information was compromised by the hackers, from their postal codes, their names and emails. The good thing their social security numbers was not compromised. Its wrongful if the confidentiality and privacy of the customer information is stolen from a trusted entity like this bank. How the attack was carried out The details of the breach emerge at the time when the consumer confidence at the digital operations off the corporate America had already been shaken. There had been target, home depot and other retailers which has sustained on the data breaches. (McNamara, 2003)At target, there was compromise of 40 million cardholders and 70million on their information, but unlike other retailers the financial information at the JPMorgan in its computer system goes beyond the credit card details and involves more sensitive data. Therefore how did this attack take place? An employee personal computer was infected with a Malware that resulted to the stealing of log in credential. When the employee remotely connected to the corporate network through VPN, the hackers were able to gain access to the internal network. They obtained a list of the applications and software that are run on the JPMorgan computers and saw their vulnerabilities in each of the programs and the web application, in search for an entry on the system.(Liu, Sarabi, Zhang, Naghizadeh, Karir, Bailey Liu, 2015) It is when they discovered on the network there was no double authentication on the network. Operating at the overseas, the hackers penetrated the network and gained access to the names, the addresses, emails and contact of the JPMorgan customers account. However, in the regulatory filing the bank highlighted that there was no evidence that the information off the account, that includes the passwords and the social security numbers were stolen. Moreover, they also noted that the re was no fraud activities that was reported involving the customer information. Until the JPMorgan breach the banks were usually regarded as a safe from the online assaults because they relied on the investment in the defence and the trained staff personnel.(Elazari, 2015) These hackers drilled through the bank vast system computers, and reached more than 90 servers, and obtained dozen of administrative privilege to the dozen these servers and steal the information. It was also noted by the investigating individuals that it would take months for the JPMorgan to swap out the programs and the applications and renegotiate on the licensing deals with the technology suppliers. This may give time again for the hackers to mine on the system off the bank for undiscovered, vulnerability that may allow them to re-enter on the systems of the JPMorgan. What could have been done to prevent the attack? This could been avoided if the bank had installed a simple security fix to the overlooked sever on their network. The weak spot for the bank was that they did not use the double authentication scheme that is called two factor authentication. The security team, had neglected on the upgrade on one of their network servers with this dual scheme password protector.(Liu, Sarabi, Zhang, Naghizadeh, Karir, Bailey Liu, 2015) The hackers found this vulnerability and exploited on it. Moreover, the bank need to deploy the host based intrusion prevention system. (Liu, Sarabi, Zhang, Naghizadeh, Karir, Bailey Liu, 2015)The hack for the bank was through a VPN from infection of an employee computer with a Malware and stealing their credentials for login. The use of this software has a fighting chance to catching and stopping that Malware, since it works on the concept off identifying and stopping the attack. There was also need for the employee education, in regards to the security measures. Ther e are some individuals who would blindly click on the links or on phishing email since they do not know what they contain. By developing on the security policies, training of the employees about the various vulnerabilities and method of social engineering detention would go a long way to prevent this attacks. References Elazari, K. (2015). How to Survive Cyber war . Scientific American, 312(4), 66-69. Jardine, E. (2015). Global cyberspace is safer than you think: real trends in cybercrime. Available at SSRN 2634590. Liu, Y., Sarabi, A., Zhang, J., Naghizadeh, P., Karir, M., Bailey, M., Liu, M. (2015). Cloudy with a chance of breach: Forecasting cyber security incidents. In 24th USENIX Security Symposium, 1009-1024. McNamara, J. (2003). Secrets off computer espionage: Tactics and countermeasures. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley. Phys.org. (November 10, 2015). Four indicated in massive hack of JP Morgan Chase, others. Phys.org-Science and Technology News, 2015-11.

Virtualization and Cloud Computing Big Data

Question: Discuss about the Virtualization and Cloud Computing big data. Answer: Introduction The study includes the numerous cloud computing aspects required for the OSDS model of DSI. The document likewise examines the stipulations of facts reinforcement, power, and debacle recuperation. This study includes the additional review on technical management , as well as, on the SLA. This report includes the task report of providing management of DSI with the assessment of an administration requirements, as well as, the provisions of SLA for selected cloud seller. This report includes the needs for remote administration, SLA management, as well as, resource management. The necessities for the resource management,remote administration, as well as, SLA management. SLA, Remote Administration and Resource Management Resource management Resource management is a center capacity required of any guy-made framework. It impacts the three essential criteria for framework evaluation: execution, usefulness and fee. Wasteful asset management has an immediately terrible effect on execution and cost. it could likewise in a roundabout way affect framework usefulness. A few capacities the framework gives may end up excessively costly or incapable due, making it impossible to terrible execution (Catlett, 2013). An allotted computing foundation is an unpredictable framework with countless belongings. those are vulnerable to eccentric demands and can be encouraged via outdoor events outdoor DSI capability to govern. DSI cloud asset management requires complex strategies and selections for multi-target improvement. It is significantly checking out attributable to the multifaceted nature of the framework, which makes it tough to have specific international kingdom facts. It is an additional problem to relentless and erratic instituti ons with the environment.In some cases, whilst they can anticipate a spike can be anticipated, they are able to procurement belongings ahead of time. For instance, occasional web administrations are probably vulnerable to spikes.Within the cloud, where changes are ordinary and flighty, delivered together manipulate is unrealistic to provide consistent management and execution ensure. without a doubt, added collectively control cannot provide pleasant solutions for the host of cloud administration preparations you need to uphold. SLA management The SLA display machine is applied to explicitly watch the run-time execution of cloud administrations guarantee that they're satisfying the legally binding QoS necessities disbursed in an SLAs. The data gathered by using the SLA in DSI must be screen is dealt with via an SLA administration framework to be totaled into SLA reporting measurements. This framework can proactively repair or fail over cloud administrations while special case conditions happen, for example, when the SLA screen reports a cloud administration as "down."A incredible SLA defines limits and dreams of administration provisioning and offers the accompanying advantages: superior customer loyalty level: An unmistakably and succinctly characterized SLA builds the patron loyalty degree, as it enables providers to pay attention to the client necessities and ensures that the exertion is placed on the right bearing(Goudarzi Pedram, 2015). https://www.hpcwire.com/2013/08/28/egi_cl 1 Remote Administration Remote administration is a framework device offers apparatuses and consumer interfaces to outer cloud asset directors to set up and manage cloud-primarily based IT belongings. A faraway business enterprise framework can increase an entry for getting entry to organization and management elements of various primary frameworks, including the asset management, SLA administration, and charging administration systems (Han Youn, 2009).The apparatuses and APIs gave via a faraway business enterprise framework is for the most element utilized by the cloud provider to create and redo on-line gateways that give cloud clients a collection of managerial controls(Ju, 2014).The taking after is the two crucial varieties of entries that are made with the far off company device, utilization and administration portal a widely beneficial entryway that delivered together administration controls to numerous cloud-primarily based IT property and may facilitate deliver IT asset usage reviews. Self-portal it is basically a shopping front that permits cloud customers to are seeking an up and coming rundown of cloud administrations and IT property which can be reachable from a cloud provider. The cloud customer gives its picked matters to the cloud provider for provisioning(Jackson, 2012). Resilience, Disaster Recovery, and Data Backup Data Backup Data backup alludes to moving down facts to a faraway, cloud-based totally server. As a type of allotted garage, cloud reinforcement facts is put away in and open from numerous dispersed and related belongings that contain a cloud. Information reinforcement preparations in DSI empower endeavors or human beings to keep their facts and laptop statistics on the net utilizing a capability management supplier, in preference to setting away the statistics domestically on a bodily circle, for instance, a difficult power or tape reinforcement (Khoshkholghi, Abdullah, Latip, Subramaniam, Othman, 2014). Information reinforcement suppliers empower clients to remotely get to the dealer's administrations using a secure consumer log as a part of utilization to move down files from the consumer's desktops or server farm to the online stockpiling server making use of a scrambled association (Li, Zhang, Li, Feng, 2013). Resilience "Resilience processing is a form of arise brief over that disseminates excess utilization of IT assets crosswise over physical areas. IT belongings can be pre-arranged so that on the occasion that one gets to be insufficient, making ready is clearly given over to some other repetitive IT asset. inner dispensed computing, the regular for Resiliency can allude to excess IT property in the same cloud or over the specific cloud in DSI. Cloud clients can build the dependability and accessibility in their programs through utilizing the flexibility of cloud-primarily based IT assets.whole, challenge stage healing calls for the joining of all cloud and commonplace IT levels (Marks Lozano, 2010). It likewise calls for that their related server, stockpiling and systems management outlines exhaustively deal with the resumption of commercial enterprise operations. The general cloud outline of DSI need to be idea approximately, be it open, personal or pass breed. this can determine out what ener gy measures are taken and how they may be actualized. Also, from a logistics stance, it's miles imperative to realize whether cloud capacities are being conveyed regionally or remotely (Millard, 2000). Data recovery Finding out prerequisites: Subsequent to actualizing the risks appraisal level, DSI needs to characterize their healing requirements for the packages that are facilitated. RPO, as well as, RTO prerequisites are in particular proportionate to the price of downtime. the expense of downtime can include true lack of earnings, lack of consultant profitability, loss of enterprise sector goodwill and mainly loss of notoriety. Inspecting cloud providers: Cloud providers should offer customers documentation with recognizing to their server farm protection techniques in DSI. Location detail of the server farm is typically idea little of or not noted even as introspecting fiasco recovery techniques. customers ought to be careful toward investigating the scope of data insurance preparations offered with the aid of the supplier (Sosinsky, 2011). maximum cloud space providers provide every day reinforcement to circle abilities and some supplement that with intermittent tape reinforcement however that disregards the need to make quick facts excess in DSI ("Evaluating Disaster Recovery Plans Using Computer Aided Disaster Recovery Tools", 2015). Actualizing and handling your cloud DR association: As mechanical vacillations will move round the sector, cloud suppliers will in all likelihood be on the buying or providing an aspect of the server farm securing or blend. Maximum crucial part lies in assessing and selecting the right management provider with the proper disaster recuperation methodologies, similarly vital is the progression to survey your DR prerequisites and preparations. Service Level Agreement Assessment SLA's are frequently a look after a few records while gathering necessities before execution checking out begins.The motive is that the DSI association SLA constitutes a quantifiable prerequisite that may be attempted and set aside as "bypass" or "come up quick" for this reason. Regularly an SLA for reaction instances can be discovered, commonly as a source of attitude in an define document. Alert should be worked out. on the factor when a software is printed, strange nation necessities are caught (Weinman, 2016). An SLA at this level is not basically a compulsory necessity, just a rule, an assertion of comprehension of SLAs within the Cloud. There have been severing articles composed at the point, yet at the same time, there is disarray about the importance of SLAs. The giant majority require a plan for modelers and transient employees to begin assembling some other home and additionally could assume that any other automobile will accompany a assure. An SLA serves DSI both the outline and guarantee for disbursed computing (Yu Gu, Dongsheng Wang, Chuanyi Liu, 2014). Preserving in thoughts the quit purpose to get by using in this day and age, one has to have the ability to assume the unexpected as there are constantly new, surprising difficulties. The great manner to reliably beat those difficulties is to make a strong introductory association of preferred processes, and arrangement for special cases from the start. difficulties can originate from sever fronts, as an example, structures, protection, stockpiling, managing strength, database/programming accessibility or maybe enactment or administrative modifications. As cloud clients, we paintings in a site that can traverse topographies, systems, and frameworks. It simply bodes nicely to delibera te to the wanted administration stage on your customers and measure the real effects. It simply bodes nicely to set out an arrangement for while things cross significantly, in order that a base degree of administration is kept up. businesses rely upon registering frameworks to live to tell the tale.In some feel, the SLA units goals for both facets and goes about because the manual for change within the cloud management each expected changes and astounds. Quite a good deal as any IT anticipate could have a guide with it appears that evidently characterized deliverable s, an SLA is in addition simple for operating with cloud base (Zhang, Wang, Dai, Wei, Li, 2014). https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/co 1 Conclusion This, study concludes that the branch of the Spatial information calls for supplanting the net Spatial shipping framework or OSDS with another and better shape of facts stockpiling framework. The framework may be supplanted viably by the Cloud garage framework. disbursed storage and Computing is the most revolutionary kind of records investigation and capacity. The record demonstrates the examination of the various measures that department of Spatial records wishes to take after for executing the Cloud based potential shape in its management framework. The healing supervision, SLA management and far off business enterprise of the affiliation DSI are critical for the execution of the enhanced management framework. The file clarifies the functions at the back of the need for the far-flung framework and SLA management in DSI association. The cloud primarily based capability structure requires information reinforcement and healing framework, and the shape has to be actualized correctly. References Catlett, C. (2013). Cloud computing and big data. Amsterdam: IOS Press. Evaluating Disaster Recovery Plans Using Computer Aided Disaster Recovery Tools. (2015). IJCCIE, 2(2). Goudarzi, H. Pedram, M. (2015). Hierarchical SLA-Driven Resource Management for Peak Power-Aware and Energy-Efficient Operation of a Cloud Datacenter. IEEE Transactions On Cloud Computing, 1-1. Han, Y. Youn, C. (2009). A new grid resource management mechanism with resource-aware policy administrator for SLA-constrained applications. Future Generation Computer Systems, 25(7), 768-778. Jackson, K. (2012). OpenStack cloud computing cookbook. Birmingham: Packt Publishing. Ju, H. (2014). Intelligent disaster recovery structure and mechanism for cloud computing network. IJSNET, 16(2), 70. Khoshkholghi, M., Abdullah, A., Latip, R., Subramaniam, S., Othman, M. (2014). Disaster Recovery in Cloud Computing: A Survey. CIS, 7(4). Li, G., Zhang, Q., Li, W., Feng, Z. (2013). The Design and Verification of Disaster Recovery Strategies in Cloud Disaster Recovery Center. TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal Of Electrical Engineering, 11(10). Marks, E. Lozano, B. (2010). Executive's guide to cloud computing. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Millard, C. Cloud computing law. Sosinsky, B. (2011). Cloud computing bible. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley. Weinman, J. (2016). Hybrid Cloud Economics. IEEE Cloud Comput., 3(1), 18-22. Yu Gu, Dongsheng Wang, Chuanyi Liu,. (2014). DR-Cloud: Multi-cloud based disaster recovery service. Tinshhua Sci. Technol., 19(1), 13-23. Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., Dai, X., Wei, Z., Li, M. (2014). Qingdao Integration Practice of E-Cloud and Cloud Computing Disaster Recovery. AMM, 519-520, 450-457.

International Business Multiple Chioce Essay Example

International Business Multiple Chioce Essay A) movement of jobs to high-wage countries B) business being undertaken outside the confines of any nation C) uneven distribution of resources and this distributions influence on different products and services in different parts of the world D) integration of world economies through the reduction of barriers to the movement of trade, capital, technology, and people Answer: D Diff: 1Page Ref: 5 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 1: What are international business and globalization? What is the relationship between them? AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity ) Which of the following best defines international business? A) It includes all public economic flows between two or more countries. B) It includes all private economic flows between two or more countries. C) It includes all business transactions involving two or more countries, whether the transactions are conducted by private or governmental organizations. D) It includes all business transactions in countries other than y our home country. Answer: C Diff: 1Page Ref: 5 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 1: What are international business and globalization? What is the relationship between them? 4) Which of the following is the most accurate comparison of how private businesses and governments conduct international business? A) The objectives for private businesses and governments are the same. B) The objective of a private business is profit, whereas a government may or may not seek profit as an objective. C) Governments operate strictly for nonprofit motives, but private businesses seek profits. D) Governments undertake international business for more long-term objectives than private businesses do. Answer: B Diff: 2Page Ref: 5 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 1: What are international business and globalization? What is the relationship between them? 5) Which of the following is NOT a reason to study international business? A) Business conducted outside the confines of any one country is on the decline. B) Global events affect almost all companies. C) By approaching operating strategies from an international standpoint, you may be able to better obtain the resources you need. D) The physical, social, and competitive conditions differ from country to country. We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Multiple Chioce specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Multiple Chioce specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on International Business Multiple Chioce specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Answer: A Diff: 2Page Ref: 5-6 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 2: Why should you study international business? 6) Of the following, it is most essential for a student of business to ________. A) travel widely in order to understand different business environments B) take an internship with a multinational company C) find employment with a company free from global competition D) gain some understanding of international business Answer: D Diff: 1Page Ref: 6 Skill: Application Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 2: Why should you study international business? AACSB: Analytic Skills 7) In terms of international business, it is most accurate to say that ________. A) there is a universal best way to conduct business B) global competition affects large companies but not small ones C) most companies, regardless of industry, depend either on foreign markets and supplies or compete against companies that do D) government regulation of international business has little effect on a companys profits Answer: C Diff: 1Page Ref: 6 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 2: Why should you study international business? ) Even if you never have direct international responsibilities, an understanding of some of the complexities of international business may be useful to you because ________. A) it is essential for most managerial job interviews B) it may help you make more informed operational decisions C) you will need to supervise and evaluate subordinates who have international responsibilities D) you should understand importing and exporting in or der to be promoted Answer: B Diff: 2Page Ref: 7 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 2: Why should you study international business? ) The shifting of national borders has created which of the following situations for international business? A) It has left most people who reside in rural areas with only the barest connection to the rest of the world. B) It has complicated the understanding of behavioral factors affecting business. C) It has made comparisons of historical data on international transactions problematic. D) It has slowed communications between a companys headquarters and foreign operations. Answer: C Diff: 2Page Ref: 7 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. : Explain how globalization has changed over time and differs both among countries and within countries. AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity 10) Which of the following is an indication of the increased globalization of business since the end of World War II? A) World trade has grown more rapidly than worl d production in almost every year. B) Most countries now depend on foreign output for more than half their consumption. C) Foreign ownership of assets has leveled off. D) Countries have increased their import restrictions to counter the rising tide of imports. Answer: A Diff: 2Page Ref: 7 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 3: Explain how globalization has changed over time and differs both among countries and within countries. 11) Most of the worlds goods and services are sold ________. A) in international markets B) in the countries where they are produced C) through exports to small countries D) through exports to large countries Answer: B Diff: 2Page Ref: 7 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 3: Explain how globalization has changed over time and differs both among countries and within countries. 2) According to the A. T. Kearny/Foreign Policy Globalization Index, which ranked countries on their extent of globalization across economic, technological, personal contact, and political dimensions, countries ________. A) tend to be ranked similarly on all four dimensions B) are more globalized on the political dimension than on personal contact C) that are large in land mass and population are less globalized than small coun tries D) sometimes rank high on one dimension and low on another Answer: D Diff: 2Page Ref: 7 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. : Explain how globalization has changed over time and differs both among countries and within countries. AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity 13) Which of the following has NOT been a major force increasing globalization in recent decades? A) liberalization of cross-border trade B) increase in and expansion of technology C) growing pressure from consumers D) decreasing global competition Answer: D Diff: 1Page Ref: 7-8 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 4: Identify and explain the seven forces that have been causing the growth in globalization. AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity 4) Institutional development of services by business and government has aided the expansion of international business by ________. A) providing a universally agreed upon language for conducting international transactions B) removing immigration restrictions so that i nternational firms can move personnel wherever they are most needed C) developing means to ease the flow of goods among countries D) spurring competition among domestic producers Answer: C Diff: 1Page Ref: 9 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 4: Identify and explain the seven forces that have been causing the growth in globalization. 5) Which of the following has caused consumers to demand access to foreign-made products? A) Declining global affluence has caused consumers to seek out lower-priced products from abroad. B) Consumers have become more efficient in using media and technologies to compare prices worldwide. C) Fearing that their governments will enact restrictive policies on imports, consumers are stocking up on foreign products before restrictions are put in place. D) Expectations of rising prices of foreign products have caused consumers to seek foreign products before their prices become prohibitive. Answer: B Diff: 2Page Ref: 9 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 4: Identify and explain the seven forces that have been causing the growth in globalization. AACSB: Use of IT 16) Which of the following is a reason that international business has grown at such a rapid pace in the past few decades? A) the end of the political schism between the Communist and non-Communist blocs B) stricter government policies on cross-border movements C) decreasing global competition D) increased concerns about terrorism Answer: A Diff: 1Page Ref: 10 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. : Identify and explain the seven forces that have been causing the growth in globalization. AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity 17) The recent expansion of technology has contributed to growth in international business through ________. A) the creation of new products that are important in world trade B) reducing the effects of global competition C) the tabulation of international transactions that previou sly did not appear in statistics D) the liberalization of regulations of movements of resources across borders Answer: A Diff: 2Page Ref: 8 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. : How is technology affecting the growth of international business? AACSB: Use of IT 18) Flower producers from Ecuador, Israel, and New Zealand all compete for sales in the same American markets. This is due primarily to ________. A) more effective domestic production techniques B) advances in communications C) advances in transportation D) cross-national cooperation in fighting insects that harm plants Answer: C Diff: 2Page Ref: 8 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 4: Identify and explain the seven forces that have been causing the growth in globalization. 9) All the following statements are true about the increase and expansion of technology EXCEPT which one? A) Technology facilitates a companys headquarters interactions with its foreign operations. B) Small companies can more easily access global customers and suppliers. C) Companies from more countries can compete for sales in foreign markets. D) Most analysts agree that the rate of development of new products will drop off in the future. Answer: D Diff: 2Page Ref: 8 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 5: How is technology affecting the growth of international business? AACSB: Use of IT 0) Because of economic growth, a larger portion of the population can shift from ________ to ________. A) recycling old products; disposing of old products B) disposing of old products; recycling old products C) producing new products; developing new products D) developing new products; producing new products Answer: C Diff: 2Page Ref: 8 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 5: How is technology affecting the growth of international business? AACSB: Use of IT 21) Because their citizens want a greater variety of goods and services at lower prices, many governments have ________. A) reduced their restrictions on the international movement of goods and services B) acted to reduce the pressures created by global competition C) sought to eliminate reciprocal advantages negotiated through international organizations and treaties D) increased their participation in multinational problem-solving efforts Answer: A Diff: 2Page Ref: 10 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 6: Why have most governments lowered restrictions on international trade and resource movements? 22) Which of the following is a reason for recent governmental relaxation in restrictions on cross-border trade or resource movements? A) Most countries face shortages of workers, so they seek foreign workers who can help them produce more. B) Governments believe that this will decrease the need to make their own companies more innovative. C) Consumers increasingly want to buy goods and services produced in their own countries, making restrictions less necessary. D) Governments believe that domestic producers will become more efficient as a result of foreign competition. Answer: D Diff: 2Page Ref: 8 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 6: Why have most governments lowered restrictions on international trade and resource movements? 3) Which of the following is a reason for recent governmental relaxation in restrictions on cross-border trade or resource movements? A) Governments typically welcome the opportunity to increase the offshoring of a countrys domestic producers. B) All countries have signed binding reciprocal trade agreements through international organizations. C) Governments hope that other countrie s will lower their barriers in response. D) Most countries face surpluses of workers, so they seek foreign markets in need of labor supplies. Answer: C Diff: 2Page Ref: 8 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. : Why have most governments lowered restrictions on international trade and resource movements? 24) A company starting out with a global focus, usually because of the international experience of its founders, is called a ________. A) multinational enterprise B) transnational company C) strategically allied company D) born-global company Answer: D Diff: 1Page Ref: 9 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 7: What is the relationship between competition and globalization? 25) In a strategy known as ________, many new companies locate themselves near competitors and suppliers. A) offshoring B) franchising C) clustering D) exporting Answer: C Diff: 1Page Ref: 9 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 7: What is the relationship between competition and globalization? 26) Companies often expand their business internationally in response to ________. A) increased import restrictions in their domestic markets B) competitive international advantages gained by their competitors C) increased export restrictions in their domestic markets D) a decrease in domestic competition Answer: B Diff: 2Page Ref: 9 Skill: Application Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 7: What is the relationship between competition and globalization? AACSB: Analytic Skills 7) When a company successfully responds to foreign production and market opportunities, ________. A) other companies will likely emulate its successful practices B) it likely has a long-term advantage over competitors C) it typically downsizes its domestic operations D) its home government likely raises taxes on the company Answer: A Diff: 2Page Ref: 9 Skill: Applicati on Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 7: What is the relationship between competition and globalization? AACSB: Analytic Skills 28) According to your text, which of the following is NOT one of the three main reasons governments cooperate with each other? A) to attack problems that one country acting alone cannot solve B) to deal with areas of concern that lie outside the territory of any nation C) to gain reciprocal advantages D) to encourage cross-border movement of resources in response to interest rate differences Answer: D Diff: 1Page Ref: 10 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 8: Why/how do countries cooperate with other countries? How does this cooperation affect international business? 29) Governments have signed treaties to protect foreign-owned property rights, such as investments and patents. A primary reason for doing so is to ________. A) gain reciprocal advantages B) reduce the domestic effects of other countries economic policies C) deal with areas of concern outside the territory of any one country D) reduce national conflicts leading to violent encounters Answer: A Diff: 2Page Ref: 10 Skill: Application Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 8: Why/how do countries cooperate with other countries? How does this cooperation affect international business? AACSB: Analytic Skills 30) Which of the following is NOT a source of disagreement about the use of noncoastal areas of the oceans, outer space, and Antarctica? A) There is little short-term business potential in these areas. B) There is disagreement about how commercial benefits should be shared among nations. C) There is disagreement about who should be allowed to develop where. D) The commercial viability of some areas has only recently been demonstrated. Answer: A Diff: 2Page Ref: 11 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 8: Why/how do countries cooperate with other countries? How does this cooperation affect international business? 31) Which of the following is a reason that governments cooperate through treaties, agreements, and consultation? A) to gain a division of labor, such as by performing research and development in one country and production in another B) to be in compliance with United Nations requirements C) to attack problems jointly that one country acting alone cannot solve D) to assure that all countries get an equitable share of taxes from multinational enterprises Answer: C Diff: 2Page Ref: 10 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 8: Why/how do countries cooperate with other countries? How does this cooperation affect international business? 32) Small countries worry about overdependence caused by globalization. Their concerns include all of the following EXCEPT which of the following? A) A large country on whom they depend may pressure them on political matters. B) A large international company may dictate its terms of operations in a small country. C) A large company may exploit legal loopholes to avoid political oversight and taxes. D) A large country may reduce its level of cultural homogeneity. Answer: D Diff: 2Page Ref: 12-13 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 9: What are the main criticisms of globalization? AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity 3) Although critics complain that globalization causes the consumption of too many nonrenewable resources while despoiling the environment, those in favor of globalization counter that ________. A) globalization encourages the adoption of uniform and superior standards for combating environmental problems B) economic growth created by globalization is largely in services, which neither use too many nonrenewable resources nor despoil the environment C) the biggest problem of environmental despoliation occurs in the countries that are least globalized D) pollution and toxic runoff problems do not increase with economic growth Answer: A Diff: 2Page Ref: 13 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 9: What are the main criticisms of globalization? AACSB: Ethical Reasoning 34) Curtailment of logging in the Amazon region is generally viewed as environmentally beneficial for the planet as a whole. However, unemployed Brazilian workers have felt that job creation inside Brazil is more important than climate protection outside Brazil. This example best illustrates which of the following? A) why smaller countries are concerned that large international countries are powerful enough to dictate operating terms B) why globalization is needed to foster uniform standards for combating environmental problems C) how global interests can conflict with a countrys local interests D) how cultural homogeneity threatens the cultural foundation of smaller nations Answer: C Diff: 2Page Ref: 13 Skill: Application Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 9: What are the main criticisms of globalization? AACSB: Reflective Thinking 35) Although globalization may bring economic growth, critics nevertheless contend that ________. A) the growth is not fast enough B) the inequality of gains puts some people in a relatively worse economic situation C) this growth is mainly for the future, thus ignoring present economic growth needs D) the cultural foundations of sovereignty are supported by globalization Answer: B Diff: 2Page Ref: 13 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 9: What are the main criticisms of globalization? 36) The process of shifting production from a domestic to a foreign location is known as ________. A) offshoring B) outsourcing C) licensing D) joint venturing Answer: A Diff: 1Page Ref: 14 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 10: What is meant by offshoring? What are the major arguments for and against it? 37) Proponents of offshoring claim all EXCEPT which of the following? A) Aggregate employment figures show that displaced workers find new jobs. B) Offshoring increases the number of high-value jobs in the home countries of offshoring companies. C) Offshoring is fundamentally better for workers than the introduction of labor-saving technologies. D) There are upper limits on offshoring because there are not enough workers abroad with needed skills who will permanently work for low wages. Answer: C Diff: 2Page Ref: 14-15 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 10: What is meant by offshoring? What are the major arguments for and against it? 38) A major criticism of offshoring is that it ________. A) increases production costs B) exchanges good jobs for bad jobs C) threatens the sovereignty of larger countries D) allows companies to avoid payment of any taxes Answer: B Diff: 2Page Ref: 14 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 10: What is meant by offshoring? What are the major arguments for and against it? 39) Critics of offshoring claim all EXCEPT which of the following? A) Cost savings are seldom passed on to final consumers. B) Workers who have been displaced by offshoring do not have the skills needed for higher-value jobs. C) Incomes of workers in offshoring countries have gone down as a percentage of national income. D) Offshoring reduces the incomes of people in low-wage countries. Answer: D Diff: 2Page Ref: 14-15 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 10: What is meant by offshoring? What are the major arguments for and against it? 40) Which of the following conditions must be met for a company to increase profits through foreign sales? A) The company can obtain resources abroad. B) The costs to make the sales do not increase disproportionately. C) The company can offshore its production. D) The foreign market can be reached through exporting rather than direct investment. Answer: B Diff: 2Page Ref: 16 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 11: Why do companies engage in international business? (What advantages do they gain? ) 41) The televising of sports competitions to viewers in multiple countries is an example of international business conducted to achieve the objective of ________. A) acquiring resources B) minimizing risk C) offshoring D) sales expansion Answer: D Diff: 2Page Ref: 16 Skill: Application Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 11: Why do companies engage in international business? (What advantages do they gain? ) AACSB: Reflective Thinking 42) A motive for a company to conduct international business is to acquire resources abroad. Which of the following is NOT an example of a resource acquisition motive? A) producing with lower labor costs B) gaining knowledge that the company can use elsewhere C) following a customer into a foreign market D) gaining the means to differentiate a product Answer: C Diff: 2Page Ref: 16 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 11: Why do companies engage in international business? (What advantages do they gain? ) 43) By operating internationally, a company may reduce its risks because it can ________. A) take advantage of business-cycle differences among countries B) buy competitive risk insurance not available in its home country C) prevent competitors from operating in the countries it has entered D) operate in less competitive environments than those at home Answer: A Diff: 2Page Ref: 17 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 1: Why do companies engage in international business? (What advantages do they gain? ) 44) An example of a U. S. merchandise import is an automobile made in ________ and sold ________. A) the United States by a Japanese company; in the United States B) the United States by a Japanese company; outside the United States C) Japan by a Japanese company: in the United States D) Japan by a U. S. company; outsi de the United States Answer: C Diff: 2Page Ref: 17 Skill: Application Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 12: Define and give examples of merchandise and service imports and exports. AACSB: Reflective Thinking 45) Visible exports and imports are ________. A) merchandise imports and exports B) the sum total of goods and services traded C) international transactions paid for in money rather than barter D) typically a countrys least common international economic transactions Answer: A Diff: 1Page Ref: 20 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 12: Define and give examples of merchandise and service imports and exports. 46) An example of a Japanese service export is a visit by a ________. A) Japanese citizen to Disneyland in the United States B) Japanese citizen to the Japan Pavilion at Epcot Center in the United States C) U. S. citizen to the Japan Pavilion at Epcot Center in the United States D) U. S. citizen to Tokyo Disneyland in Japan Answer: D Diff: 2Page Ref: 17 Skill: Application Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 12: Define and give examples of merchandise and service imports and exports. AACSB: Reflective Thinking 47) Royalties from the use of assets abroad, such as trademarks or patents, are an example of ________. A) merchandise trade B) service trade C) visible trade D) a joint venture Answer: B Diff: 2Page Ref: 18 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 12: Define and give examples of merchandise and service imports and exports. 48) A foreign direct investment occurs ________. A) only when a company owns more than 50 percent of a foreign firm B) when a company controls a company abroad C) when foreign ownership is in private rather than government securities D) with the establishment of a partnership rather than the purchase of a foreign firm Answer: B Diff: 2Page Ref: 18 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 13: What are the types of foreign investment? 49) Foreign direct investment ________. A) is undertaken only by large companies B) includes the ownership of foreign bonds C) includes partially owned foreign operations as long as the owner has controlling interest D) in terms of value, is mainly undertaken by small companies Answer: C Diff: 2Page Ref: 18 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 13: What are the types of foreign investment? 50) When two or more organizations share ownership of a foreign direct investment, the operation is called a ________. A) portfolio investment B) transnational corporation C) turnkey operation D) joint venture Answer: D Diff: 1Page Ref: 18 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 13: What are the types of foreign investment? 51) Which of the following is an example of an international portfolio investment? A) foreign ownership of bonds B) ownership of patents used by a foreign company C) a joint venture with a foreign company D) one of a group of several foreign companies wholly owned by the same investor Answer: A Diff: 2Page Ref: 19 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 13: What are the types of foreign investment? 52) A multinational enterprise (MNE) is one that is ________. A) among the worlds 500 largest companies B) owned and managed by companies whose headquarters are split among different countries C) licensed to operate by the United Nations Transnational Center D) willing to consider market and production locations anywhere in the world Answer: D Diff: 1Page Ref: 19 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 14: What is a multinational enterprise (MNE)? 53) According to the definition used in your text, a company with operations in more than one country is a(n) ________. A) multinational enterprise B) joint venture partner C) international operator D) born-global company Answer: A Diff: 1Page Ref: 19 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 14: What is a multinational enterprise (MNE)? 54) The term sometimes used by the United Nations as a synonym for multinational enterprise is ________. A) multinational corporation B) transnational company C) stateless company D) global enterprise Answer: B Diff: 2Page Ref: 19 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 14: What is a multinational enterprise (MNE)? 55) Which of the following must be true about a company in order for it to be considered a multinational enterprise? A) The company is large with vast resources. B) The company holds direct investments in at least five countries. C) The company does not limit its evaluation of markets and production to any one country. D) The organization must be a born-global company. Answer: C Diff: 2Page Ref: 19 Skill: Application Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 14: What is a multinational enterprise (MNE)? AACSB: Analytic Skills 56) Politics, law, culture, and economy are all examples of ________ factors that can affect the ways in which companies produce and sell their products in foreign markets. A) social B) physical C) competitive D) political Answer: A Diff: 1Page Ref: 20 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 15: What do we mean by a companys physical and social environments? Why should companies understand them when engaging in international business? 57) Managers who are knowledgeable about ________ are better able to identify the location, quantity, quality, and availability of the worlds natural resources. A) political factors B) geographic factors C) competitive factors D) cultural factors Answer: B Diff: 1Page Ref: 20 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 5: What do we mean by a companys physical and social environments? Why should companies understand them when engaging in international business? 58) Although U. S. films depend heavily on revenue in foreign countries, revenue from international markets is usually low for a sports-themed film. This is due to ________ factors. A) political B) geographic C) behavioral D) legal Answer: C Diff: 2Page Ref: 21 Skill: App lication Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 15: What do we mean by a companys physical and social environments? Why should companies understand them when engaging in international business? AACSB: Reflective Thinking 59) In addition to understanding the laws affecting business in countries where their companies operate, it is most important for managers to understand which of the following legal factors? A) the methods for appointing judges B) the ethical rationale behind the laws C) the history of the countrys legal system D) the degree of enforcement of laws Answer: D Diff: 2Page Ref: 21 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 15: What do we mean by a companys physical and social environments? Why should companies understand them when engaging in international business? AACSB: Ethical Reasoning 60) Some key ________ factors in the external environment of an international business are product strategy and resource base and experience. A) geographic B) political C) competitive D) behavioral Answer: C Diff: 1Page Ref: 22 Skill: Concept Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 16: How does a companys competitive environment affect its international operations? How might its competitive environment differ from one country to another? 61) The same automobile company produces Fiats and Ferraris. The company built an engine plant in China with low production costs for Fiats, but not Ferraris. The probable reason is that ________. A) Fiat competes mainly on a focus strategy, whereas Ferrari competes mainly on a mass-market strategy B) Fiat competes mainly on a mass-market strategy, whereas Ferrari competes mainly on a focus strategy C) Ferrari faces global competitors in China, whereas Fiat competes in China mainly against Chinese competitors D) although Ferrari did not build an engine plant, it will use the same Fiat engines in its models Answer: B Diff: 2Page Ref: 22 Skill: Application Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 16: How does a companys competitive environment affect its international operations? How might its competitive environment differ from one country to another? AACSB: Analytic Skills 62) Which of the following statements is true concerning the international business competitive environment? A) Although countries market sizes differ, companies usually face about the same number of competitors in each national market. B) In most industries, companies face the same competitors in each country where they operate. C) It takes about the same amount of resources to gain national distribution in a large country as in a small one. D) Being a leader in one country doesnt guarantee youll be a leader in any other country. Answer: D Diff: 2Page Ref: 22 Skill: Application Objective: STUDY QUESTION 1. 16: How does a companys competitive environment affect its international operations? How might its competitive environment differ from one country to another? AACS

Rtgtg Essay Example

Rtgtg Essay That data includes, but is not limited to, student records, personnel records, business, and accounting records. The explosion of networks and Internet related informational activities means that this sensitive data is more conveniently available to authorized staff in ways undreamed of even a few years ago but is also at risk. M-DDCD must address the issue of the security of this data in such a way that all avenues of access are strictly controlled and that the privacy and value of the data are not compromised. The Office of Management and Compliance Audits (MAC), in concert with Loss of funding (for example, FEET) due to the transmission of incorrect data to other agencies Unfair penalty or advantage to students due to the transmission of incorrect data (for example, incorrect transcripts resulting in unfair penalty or advantage to students applying for college and/or scholarships) Loss of negotiating or advantage by unauthorized disclosure of lists and other business assets to vendors Liability for incorrect data (including State and Federal penalties) Errors in business decisions due to inaccurate data Negative publicity surrounding the use of incorrect data and subsequent regulatory enforcement Inability to process business transactions in a timely fashion or not at all Sensitive data is defined as any data that should only be viewed by authorized personnel. We will write a custom essay sample on Rtgtg specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rtgtg specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rtgtg specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Data sensitivity is determined by, but not limited to, federal and state laws (including privacy acts), M-DDCD Board Policies, and decisions by senior staff and/or the data owners (see section 2. 1 of this document). 1. 3 Background of M-DDCD Data Security Historically, almost all M-DDCD data was kept on the M-DDCD mainframe at ITS and access was strictly controlled through the use of the mainframe IBM SO/390 Security Servers (RACE). As long as valuable data is kept on the mainframe, this accepted Trinidad-true method of protection will continue to be the mainstay of our mainframe security efforts. Moreover, it provides a model hierarchical protection scheme, which can be used in an expanded network security paradigm. This includes the delegation of local authorization duties to an approved supervisor at the site. Approved supervisors include school principals and department heads. 2. 0 Scope In this document, authorized staff will hereafter be defined as all M-DDCD employees, consultants, vendors, auditors, students, temporary help, volunteers, and others authorized by M-DDCD to use the specific M-DDCD computer systems, applications, and information required for the performance of their Job or function. These specific Page 2 of 2 functions are determined and/or approved by the site supervisor. Authorizations without the site administrators approval is prohibited. Modification of The following is a list of some of the individuals/resources the Network Security Standards apply to: All authorized staff, volunteers, students, and vendors as well as unauthorized parties seeking access to M-DDCD computer resources All M-DDCD mainframes, minicomputers, personal computers, outside timesharing reverie, outside suppliers of data, network systems, wireless devices, M-DDCD- licensed software, switches, routers, hubs, wireless devices, and computer workstations All M-DDCD data and reports derived from these facilities All programs developed on M-DDCD time or using company equipment All terminals, communication lines, and associated equipment on M-DDCD premises or connected to M-DDCD computers over physical or virtual links Any equipment not owned by M-DDCD but connected to the M-DDCD network. All M-DDCD staff and authorized non-staff must be aware of the risks and act in the best interest of M-DDCD. These standards detail staffs responsibilities for computer security. Unauthorized persons who attempt to use M-DDCD computer resources will be prosecuted to the fullest extent possible. 2. 1 Owners of Data All computer files and data are to be associated with a user. In general, unless otherwise specified, the head of the department who requested the creation of the files and programs that store and manipulate the data on the computer is the owner of the data. The owner is responsible for specifying whether the data is sensitive and which user-ids will be authorized to access it, or who will be responsible for giving ouch authorization. 3. Physical Security Adequate building security (both physical and environmental) must be provided for the protection of all physical and logical M-DDCD computer assets and especially sensitive applications and data. Security includes, but is not limited to, lockable doors and windows, limited access, protection from water, fire, and the elements, alarms, access controls, and surveillance devices such as cameras and monitors. Site supervisors must protect all hardware and software assigned to their location. Administrative computers must be segregated from classroom computers. Students ND unauthorized personnel should never have access to administrative machines. Page 3 of 3 4. Non-Mainframe System Security Non-mainframe systems (Local Area Network (LANA) and Wide Area Network (WAN)) must have the same protection methodology in place as do mainframes to ensure MADCAP computer assets are secure. Programmatic methods are to be used to control access to non-mainframe resources. These methods include defining specific users or groups to specific system resources, and use of the least privilege concept for access to all system-level resources such as the operating system, utilities, and databases. Least privilege is defined a s a default of no access to these resources and the requirement of explicit permission and authorization by the owner based on need. Non-Mainframe systems must be provided with: 1 . Auditing/logging of such security-relevant information as log-on information, resource access, and TCP/IP addresses whenever possible. 2. Security modifications and system administrator events. 3. Ability to audit [log specific users and resources on demand. 4. Ability to send specific security sensitive events directly to a specified administrators workstation, terminal, or e-mail, preferably with an audible alarm. . 1 M-DDCD Network Systems Security Network systems include any local area network (LANA)2, wide-area network (WAN)3, dial-up, Internet, servers, server connections, switches, hubs, routers, lines, software, and data that are outside the M-DDCD mainframe system. The security must include both physical and logical layers of protection. As M-DDCD moves from storing and transferring sensitive information used within the M-DDCD in a closed network architecture utilizing private and/or leased lines to an open network architecture using Internet and TCP/IP networks, employees must pay particular attention to the security of these assets. 4. 1. 1 Network Structure, Hierarchy, and Requirements As a statement of direction, all administrative PC-type servers in M-DDCD should migrate to the Windows 2003 (or above) operating system. Microsoft no longer supports Windows NT or Windows 2000 and will not provide fixes or reports for vulnerabilities, including any new ones found. No Windows NT servers are to be connected to the network and every effort must be made to remove Windows 2000 servers currently connected. Since these Operating Systems (SO) are unsupported, there is no anti-virus or patching available for them and they are therefore unprotected. Sensitive data should be moved to a server with a higher level SO. Applications should be updated to work on and be moved too higher level SO if at all possible. If an updated version is not available vendors must be notified that Page 4 of 4 they must provide an updated version of the application as soon as possible. All servers still using Microsoft Windows NT must be migrated to a Windows 2003 or above server platform immediately or disconnected from the network. Administrators of servers currently using Novella, or any other PC network operating system should also strongly consider migrating to Windows 2003 or above Server. Desktops and laptops connected to the network should similarly be migrated to Windows XP SSP or above to take advantage of higher levels of security. 2. The District employs Active Directory Services (ADS), a hierarchical process similar to a pyramid. Information Technology Services has established and maintains the root ADS (the top of the pyramid) for MADCAP and determines local and group policy settings. In Microsoft terms, this structure is best described as a forest. All other District servers will be added to the ITS established Active Directory forest. Below the root in the forest are Organizational Units (Us) that are the school and administrative sites in the District. These local US are simply smaller networks with their own Domain Controllers (DC) that connect to the M-DDCD network. These Dos are under ITS auth ority and are not to be managed in any way by the local OH administrators. Local OH administrators must strictly limit access to their OH from other US as well as the outside. ITS must have Enterprise Administrator rights to all US in the District forest. ITS must provide advanced notification of group policy changes. 4. Computers with Windows xx or earlier are prohibited from being connected to any M-DDCD network. The security features of this level of SO are extremely primitive and leave user accounts vulnerable to a variety of risks, including unencrypted caching of user-ids and passwords. As stated previously in this document, all Windows computer SO must be Windows XP SSP or above. This level SO provides protection from the various strains of worms, which propagate rapidly through networks via computers with a lower level SO. Although Windows 2000 workstations employ a better security paradigm than Windows xx, they are no longer supported by Microsoft and should be replaced and/or removed from the network as soon as possible, as described in preceding sections. 5. All locations must migrate from the original school and District networks to the decathlons network. Most of these are old networks with weak security and must be removed from production immediately. 6. M-DDCD Board Policies/directives/standards regarding the following topics must be read and followed at all times: M-DDCD Acceptable Use Policy of the Network/Lenten for staff http:// www. Enola. Com/mediated-FL/search/policies/p07540. 04. HTML M-DDCD Acceptable Use Policy of the Network/Lenten for students http:// www. Enola. Com/mediated-FL/search/policies/p07540. 03. HTML Page 5 of 5 M-DDCD Board Policy regarding Copyright http://www. Enola. Com/mediated-FL/search/policies/p02531. HTML M-DDCD Board Policy regarding staff use of District e-mail systems http:// www. Lola. Com/mediated-FL/search/policies/p07540. 05. HTML M-DDCD Board Policy regarding student use of District e-mail systems http:// www. Enola. Com/mediated-FL/search/policies/p07540. 06. HTML The Office of Management and Compliance Audits (MAC) web site, which includes the School IT Audit Assessment http://Mac. decathlon s. Net/audits/it. Asp 7. Each department or school must maintain a disaster contingency plan to provide for recovery of data in case of catastrophic loss. At minimum, all MADCAP data must be backed-up once a week and all mission-critical data must be backed-up daily. Data on the backup media will be verified as usable. 8. Administrative computers are defined as non-classroom computers on which M-DDCD requisition and business functions, exempt student academic and demographic data, staff e-mail directives, staff tasks, etc. Are stored and/or viewed. These computers should be kept physically and virtually separate from instructional computers. Students are not to have access, either physical or virtual, to production servers or any administrative computers. 9. Every effort should be made to secure classroom machines on which student testing, test grading and evaluation, grade book activities, and staff e-mail functions are carried out. This includes: a. Installing application passwords and timeouts, b. Up-to-date anti-virus software, c. Separate computers for teacher use only, d. He most current version of the Districts patch- management software to ensure the computer has the most recent software and operating system security patches, e. Installation of anti-spare applications when available, f. Possib le storage of grade and test data on removable (encrypted) media, and g. Limiting unsupervised student access as much as possible individual student accounts or common student accounts (STUDENT) should be separate from teacher accounts. Page 6 of 6 10. All administrative computers and server consoles that are used to access or control sensitive data must have a screen saver timeout and password after a specific period of inactivity or some other lockout mechanism to prevent unauthorized persons from accessing the data via the logged-in users account. The Windows timeout with password is available even if the specific application does not have one. Users should also be in the habit of locking their computer or logging off when they are finished or leaving the computer unattended, even for a brief time (See section 5. 1. 3 in this document). These computers may also have boot-up passwords. The timeout may be temporarily turned off by the local adman when the computer is to be used for presentations or other instructional activities but must be turned back on when the activity has been completed. 1 1 . Classroom computers are defined as computers used by students or servers that once instructional computers. There are to be no administrative applications, especially mainframe sessions, installed on any of these computers or servers. 12. Outside access to M-DDCD networks should only be through hardened Web servers. This means that Web servers should have no other applications running on them and should not connect easily to the rest of the M-DDCD network. Information on Web pages must be kept as current as possible. 13. Access to critical resources should be managed by assigning individuals to a group. The group should be set up with the authority necessary to do the specific job/task or access specific data. This will provide management with a more efficient method to remove access authority when a user no longer is responsible for performing the task. Group membership should be reviewed on a regular basis to ensure all members are appropriate. Under no circumstances should users be assigned data folder or application rights as an individual, except for home folders. 14. Locations maintaining their own network components must keep diagrammed documentation indicating how the network is physically conferred (I. E. , location of servers, switches, routers, etc. ). 15. All software that restricts, prevents or inhibits updates sent by ITS, including, but not limited to Deep Freeze, Fortress, Clean Slate, HAD Guard, and others of this type are not to be installed without written permission from ITS. 16. No form of Wake On Lana (WOOL) tool should be used to automatically turn on computers unless it is for immediate maintenance purposes, such as imaging or to allow monthly updates to be sent. The use of this type of a tool undermines the purpose and effect of the new Power Management Program, which is a District-wide initiative that will save millions of dollars and help reduce emissions (See 5. 0. 17). In addition, local power management settings on PCs should only be altered by ITS. Page 7 of 7 4. 1. 2 Data Access, Transfer and Communication 1 . Firewalls are servers that function as a barrier preventing unauthorized outside access to the M-DDCD network. Exceptions requiring access from the outside must be documented by filling out Its Remote Client Support Agreement IP Entry (FM-6045) (old), or either of the new VPN/Dial-Up Access Request forms (FM-6629, for vendors or employees). ITS will keep firewall audit logs and review them regularly for illicit activity against the firewall. 2. Access to secure mainframe applications via the network requires RACE authorization. 3. Dial-in to the M-DDCD network requires network authorization and access authentication. 4. Accessing District resources using Remote Access Services (RASA) such as Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), dial-in technology with a modem, from external providers may pose a risk to the network and the data. This provides a back door around network security by giving users a direct connection to a remote server. If remote access is authorized and sensitive/confidential data is to be transmitted, the line must be secured by Virtual Private Network (VPN), Secure Socket Layer (SSL), or some other genealogy that encrypts the data so that it is never transmitted in clear text. Hackers using sniffed technology often scan transmission lines looking for data they can use. Examples include user-ids and passwords, account numbers and financial information, student data deemed exempt from public release by state law, or Human Resource (HRS) data. 5. The use of communications software that provides the ability to remotely take over a network connected PC is prohibited unless authorized by ITS. If it is used, it should be strictly controlled by the local administrator and user. It should be turned on only when support is needed (and the user has given permission, if applicable) and immediately turned off once the support has been provided. Certain remote administration tools, like VAN freeware, are unsupported, have known security vulnerabilities, and are removed when found by the Districts anti-spare. ITS recommends district technical staff uses Damager as a low cost alternative to VAN. 6. Confidential data taken from the District, whether via laptop, Jump drive, removable media like a CD or floppy disk, PDA, e-mail, FTP, printed report, or any other method, must be encrypted, redacted, or otherwise terrorized so if the content falls in the wrong hands it cannot be misused. Agencies outside the school systems secure cloud that engage in File Transfer Protocol (FTP)5 operations or e-mail transmission with the District in which confidential data is transferred are to be encouraged to utilize an encryption process requiring asymmetrical (public and private) keys, such Page 8 of 8 as BGP (Pretty Good Privacy). Transfer of confidential data and any exceptions to the encryption process must be authorized by ITS. 7. Application software that has built- in security functions must have these functions activated when this software involves influential data. In addition, new software purchased to handle confidential data should have security capabilities as documented in sections 5. 1 Usuries and Passwords and 4. 0 Non-Mainframe System Security. 8. Users should be aware that unprotected folders on the network are prey to many different forms of hacking. It is the responsibility of the local site administrator to ensure that this data is secure. 9. Network Administrators, including ITS staff, are prohibited from viewing or otherwise manipulating user files on the users local drive without the permission of he user or the approval of appropriate administrative, legal or police staff unless there is a critical need to do so. Critical need is defined as faulty system function, virus activity, illicit hacking or Internet activities, pornographic or other offensive material activity, or other violations of District policies. These policies include, but are not limited to, the Network and Internet Acceptable Use Policy, the Staff and Student EMail Policies, the Copyright Infringement Policy, the Network Security Standards or any other District policy, Board Policy or directive relating to user conduct. It should e noted that the District e-mail policies discuss the lack of privacy in the e-mail system at length. 10. Personal or vendor-owned devices such as desktops, laptops, Personal Digital Assistants (Pads), etc. , or portable/removable storage devices/media such as Universal Serial Bus (USB) Jump drives should not be connected to any M-DDCD network without network administrator/site supervisor approval. These devices may carry applications, configurations, viruses, etc. That pose a risk to the network or may be used to remove sensitive data from the network. School system technicians may grant approval after,